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by Kheven LaGrone
After years of fighting and dying, the Black Civil Rights Movement culminated with the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It’s a landmark in African-American, as well as American, history. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex and national origin. This led to the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which removed discrimination in America’s immigration policy. It opened the doors for many more Asians and non-Europeans to immigrate to America. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 also led to the Fair Housing Act (1968). This act prohibited racial and ethnic discrimination when buying or selling a house.
These acts removed barriers to Asians, as well as African-Americans, and allowed Daly City’s Asian community to blossom. According to the Bay Area Census in 1960, Asians were only 1.4% of Daly City’s population; only 9.3% of Daly City’s population was foreign born. In 1970, the Asian population had increased to 6.3%; by 1980, the Asian population had increased to 28%. Daly City’s Asian population continued to grow and by 2010, Asians were 55.6 percent of Daly City’s population. In 2010, 52.9 percent of Daly City’s population was foreign born. The most visible Asians were Filipinos.
The developer intended for Westlake to be a white-only bubble community.
The increase in Asian population was especially visible in Daly City’s Westlake community. In the 1950s (before the acts), Henry Doelger Builder, Inc., developed the Westlake subdivision in Daly City. The development received national attention. Many felt that the houses were “cookie cutter” and lacked individuality. In 1962, Westlake inspired folk singer Malvina Reynolds to write a song called “Little Boxes.” The song satirized middle-class conformity and became a national hit. Reynolds wrote:
Little boxes on the hillside
Little boxes made of ticky tacky
Little boxes on the hillside
Little boxes all the same
There’s a pink one and a green one
And a blue one and a yellow one
And they’re all made out of ticky tacky
And they all look just the same
And the people in the houses
All went to the university
Where they were put in boxes
And they came out all the same
The developer intended for Westlake to be a white-only bubble community. They had written in its purchasing contracts that any home bought in their development “shall never be occupied, used or resided on by any person not of the white or Caucasian race, except in the capacity of a servant or domestic employed thereon as such as by a white Caucasian owner, tenant or occupant.”
The developer also wrote in the contract that any white Caucasian who bought a house in Westlake and sold or rented it to a non-white person would be financially penalized.
When the Fair Housing Act was signed, such discrimination became illegal. A home seller could no longer be financially penalized for selling to a non-white person. African-Americans and Asians could buy a house in Westlake.
There was no discussion of the Civil Rights Movement in our American history classes; so, we never learned about the Fair Housing Act or Immigration Act, which directly impacted us.
Because of the Fair Housing Act, my family could move to Westlake. However, many white residents did not welcome us. They believed that we had invaded their white bubble. They often told us to “go back to Africa.” In school, they compared us to apes and told racial jokes. One time, one of my teachers told a racial joke to her class. The jokes made African Americans look bad and white people look good.
Our schools did the same. They never talked about America’s mistreatment of African Americans because this would make white people feel bad. For example, there was no discussion of the Civil Rights Movement in our American history classes; so, we never learned about the Fair Housing Act or Immigration Act, which directly impacted us. No one told me that African Americans had been barred from living in Westlake.
When we first moved to Westlake, very few African Americans and Asians lived there. But I soon witnessed the Asian population explode. On my first day of school in Westlake, I became friends with a little boy who looked Chinese, but he had a Spanish last name. He was new to Westlake and the school like me. He was extremely shy. He repeatedly told me what his ethnicity was; but he spoke so softly and with an accent that I never understood him.
The next year, my friend hung out with a new group of new students. He was very outgoing with the group. They were all flashy dressers. They spoke a language that I had never heard before. My friend, like the rest of the group, spoke that language loudly and freely. I learned that they were Filipino and the language was Tagalog. I had never heard of Filipinos or Tagalog before.
Undoubtedly, their hanging in a group provided a bubble to protect them from many racial attacks. Personally, I appreciated my Filipino classmates. They proudly shared their culture with me, which added color to the culture of Westlake.
I didn’t know it at the time, but I had a culture to share as well. The Black Civil Rights Movement removed many racial barriers for all Americans. Daly City is just one example of why Asian Americans, and all Americans, should celebrate Black History Month.
Today, Daly City has the highest concentration of Filipinos in the United States. It is often called “Little Manilla,” “New Filipinotown,” “Pinoy Capital” and “the capital of Filipino America.” Daly City has had more than one Filipino mayor. Today, many Filipinos writing about Daly City credit African Americans, the Civil Rights Acts, the Fair Housing Act and the Immigration Act for their community.
Kheven LaGrone, investigative reporter, activist, writer, artist and curator, can be reached at kheven@aol.com. He is also a licensed civil engineer.
This story was made possible by a grant from the California State Library’s (CSL) #StopTheHate campaign to promote interracial dialogue and intervene in hate crimes, which have drastically increased against all communities of color, specifically Black people, since 2020. The Stop The Hate campaign is made possible with funding from CSL in partnership with the California Commission on Asian and Pacific Islander American Affairs (CAPIAA). The views expressed on this website and other materials produced by the SF Bay View do not necessarily reflect the official policies of the CSL, CAPIAA or the California government. Learn more at www.sfbayview.com/stopthehate or capiaa.ca.gov/stop-the-hate.
